Vilimika 50 ivyo vyajumpha, ŵanthu ŵakapulikiska kale chimanyisko chakwamba chakuti vinthu vya semiconductor vingapanga ungweru, ndipo diode yakwamba iyo yikaŵa pa malonda yikapangika mu 1960. LED ni chifupikizgo cha Light Emitting Diode. Kapangidwe kake kakwamba kakupangika na chinthu cha electroluminescent semiconductor icho chikuŵikika pa furemu ya lead, ndipo pamanyuma pake chikujalirika na epoxy resin kuti chivikilire mawaya gha mukati gha mukati, ndipo ivi vikupangiska kuti ma LED ghaleke kugwedezeka makora.
Mkati mwa ungweru-kufumiska diode ni chip iyo yili na p-mtundu na n-mtundu wa semiconductors. Pakati pa p -mtundu na n-mtundu wa semiconductors pali gawo lakusintha ilo likuchemeka ap -n junction. Mu PN junction ya vinthu vinyake vya semiconductor, para ŵanyamura ŵachoko waka awo ŵali kuŵikika mu jekeseni ŵakusazgana na ŵanyamura ŵanandi, nkhongono zakujumphapo zikufumiskika mu mtundu wa ungweru, ntheura nkhongono za magesi zikusintha mwaluŵiro kuŵa nkhongono ya ungweru. Para magesi ghakuwelera nyuma ghakuŵikika pa PN junction, ŵanyamura ŵachoko waka ŵakusuzga kuŵika, ntheura palije ungweru uwo ukufumiramo.
Mtundu uwu wa diode, uwo ukupangika mwakugwiliskira nchito fundo yakuti magesi ghakuwoneka mu jekeseni, ukuchemeka kuti diode yakufumiska ungweru-, iyo yikumanyikwa chomene kuti LED. Para ili mu boma lakugwira ntchito panthazi (ndiko kuti, magesi ghakunthazi ghakugwiriskirika nchito pa vigaŵa vyake vyose), apo magesi ghakufuma ku anode ya LED kuya ku cathode, kristalo wa semiconductor wakufumiska ungweru wa mitundu yakupambanapambana kufuma ku ultraviolet kufika ku infrared, ndipo nkhongono ya ungweru yikukhwaskana na magesi.
